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Kilimo Bora cha Viazi Vitamu



Utangulizi
Viazi vitamu ni moja kati ya mazao makuu ya mizizi nchini Tanzania ambalo hulimwa kwa ajili ya chakula. Zao hili ni moja kati ya mazao ya kinga ya njaa kutokana na sifa yake ya kuvumilia ukame. Zao la viazi vitamu, asilia yake ni Amerika ya Kati na ya Kusini. Nchini Tanzania, zao hili hulimwa zaidi katika mikoa ya Mwanza, Shinyanga, Dodoma, Morogoro,Kagera,Arusha na Ruvuma.
Matumizi
Viazi vitamu hutumika kama chakula kwa kutayarishwa katika njia mbalimbali kama vichembe, na Matobolwa. Pia Unga wa viazi vitamu hutumika kutengeneza vyakula kama keki, maandazi, kalimati, tambi na Juice. Majani ya viazi huliwa kama mboga pia hutumika katika kutayarisha mboji.
Aina
Kuna aina nyingi za viazi vitamu zinazolimwa ulimwenguni. Hapa nchini Tanzania aina zinazolimwa zaidi ni Ukerewe, Simama, Kakamega, Karoti C, Mwananjemu, Ali mtumwa mayai, Mavuno, Pananzala, Kibakuli, Sinia,Vumilia na Polista
Uzalishaji
  • Zao hili hustawi maeneo mengi Nchini Tanzania. Viazi hustawi vizuri katika maeneo ya tambarare yenye udongo tifutifu, unaoruhusu maji kupenya kwa urahisi. Udongo wa mfinyazi na wenye kokoto nyingi haufai kwani huzuia mizizi kupenya na kupanuka.
  • Shamba jipya litayarishwe vizuri kwa kufyeka vichaka na kung’oa visiki. Majani yafukiwe wakati wa kutengeneza matuta ili kuongeza rutuba ya udongo.
  • Viazi vipandwe kwa kutumia Marando yenye urefu wa sentimita 30 kwa mavuno bora.
  • Inashauriwa kutumia sehemu ya juu ya shina kwa mavuno zaidi. Marando yapandwe katika umbali wa sentimita 25 hadi 30 kutoka mmea hadi mmea na sentimita 60 hadi 75 kutoka tuta hadi tuta. Viazi pia vyaweza kupandwa kwa kutumia viazi vyenye afya vyenye uzito wa kati ya gramu 20 hadi 30. Hata hivyo inashauriwa kutumia marando ili kupata mavuno zaidi na kuepuka kuenea kwa magonjwa.
Kutunza shamba
  • Ni muhimu kupalilia viazi vitamu katika miezi miwili ya mwanzo ili kuupa mmea nguvu ya kutambaa vizuri. Baada ya muda huo, viazi huweza kufunika ardhi na hivyo huzuia uotaji wa magugu.
  • Viazi hushambuliwa na wadudu mbalimbali wakiwemo kipepeo, mbawa kavu, fukusi na minyoo fundo.Pia hushambuliwa na magonjwa yakiwemo magonjwa yanayotokana na virusi kama Sweet Potato Chlorotic Stunt virus (SPCSV). Magonjwa na wadudu yaweza kudhibitiwa kwa kuzingatia usafi wa shamba, kubadilisha mazao, na kuzingatia udhibiti sango.
Uvunaji
  • Viazi vitamu huwa tayari kuvunwa miezi mitatu hadi minne tangu kupanda kutegemea hali ya hewa. Viazi vinaweza kuvunwa kidogo kidogo kwa kutumia mikono, vijiti, jembe, au rato kadri vinavyohitajika. Aidha inashauriwa viazi visiachwe ardhini muda mrefu bila kuvunwa kwani vitakomaa sana na kuwa na nyuzi, na hivyo kuharibu ubora wake. Pia kuacha viazi muda mrefu hukaribisha mashambulizi ya wadudu kama fukusi na kuoza. Kwa maeneo makubwa zaidi, inashauriwa kutumia mashine ya kukokotwa na ng’ombe. Uvunaji ufanywe kwa uangalifu ili kuhakikisha viazi visikatwekatwe wala kuchubuliwa wakati wa kuvuna.
  • Mavuno ya viazi hutofautiana kulingana na aina, hali ya hewa, na udongo. Mavuno ya viazi yanakadiriwa kufikia tani 20 kwa hekta.



[Imetolewa na Wizara ya Kilimo, Chakula, na Ushirika]

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