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Upandaji na Utunzaji wa Miti



a)      Kutayarisha shamba
Inapendekezwa kuwa pale inapowezekana shamba lilimwe kabisa kabla ya kupanda. Gharama ya kulima inaweza ikapunguzwa kwa kuchanganya miti na mazao ya kilimo, yaani kilimo mseto (Agroforestry) kama vile pamba, mahindi, mtama, tumbaku n.k  Utaratibu huu pia unapunguza gharama ya kupalilia. Miti mingine kama vile migriveria, mijohoro, miarobaini na mikenge inaweza kupandwa moja kwa moja katika mbuga mradi eneo kuzunguka shimo la kupandia mche limelimwa kabla ya kupanda.

b)     Majira ya kupanda
Kupanda miti kufanyike wakati wa mvua, yaani, wakati udongo una unyevuunyevu wa kutosha. Katika sehemu zenye mvua nyingi, ni rahisi kutekeleza jambo hili kwa sababu hali hiyo inaendelea kwa muda mrefu baada ya kuanza mvua za masika, wakati huo ni Machi na Aprili. Katika maeneo hayo inashauriwa kufuata majira yaleyale ya kupanda mazao ya chakula. Ni vizuri zaidi kupanda mara tu mvua za masika zinapoanza kunyesha.

Kutayarisha Mashimo ya Kupanda
Umbali kati  mti na mti hutegemea aina ya mti na madhumuni ya kuipanda. Iwapo madhumuni ni kuanzaisha shamba la miti (msitu) kwa kawaida umabli unaofaa ni mita 2.5 x 2.5 ambalo ni sawasawa na miti 1,600 kwa hekta 1. Kwa miti ambayo haikupandwa katika shamba la miti katika mtindo wa kilimo mseto, miti ipandwe kwa nafasi kufuatana na aina ya miti na matumizi, mfano: nguzo, malisho na uzio.  
Mashimo yenye upana wa Sm 30 (ft 1) na kina Sm 30 yachimbwe kwa mstari kwa kutumia kamba kisha miche isafirishwe kwa unagalifu kutoka katika bustani na kupandwa katika shimo mara moja, Kiriba lazima kiondolewe kabla ya kupanda. Wakati wa kupanda ni vyema kufukia mche kwa kutumia udongo kuzunguka mche ushindiliwe kwa uangalifu bila kukata mizizi ya mche.

Kutunza Shamba la Miti
a)      Kupalilia
Miti ya aina karibu zote haiwezi kuvumilia magugu. Isipopaliliwa mapema hudhoofika na hata kama baadaye ikipaliliwa itachukua muda mrefu kurudia hali yake ya awali. Miti mingine hufa kwa sababu ya magugu. Njia nzuri ya kuthibiti magugu ni kulima shamba vizuri kabla ya kupanda. Pale ambapo hakuna mazao ya kilimo, ni vyema kupalilia eneo lenye kipenyo cha m1 kuzunguka mti na pia kufyeka majani marefu kati ya miti.

b)     Kukatia matawi na kupunguza miti
Kwa baadhi ya miti ni vyema kukatia matawi ya chini katika kipindi cha miaka miwili ya mwanzo. Hii inasaidia wafanyakazi kupitia kwa urahisi katika shamba. Pia inazuia moto usisambae iwapo utatokea. Miti ya mbao kama vile msindano (Pine) na msanduku (Cypress) ina utaratibu maalumu uliowekwa (Pruning Schedule) wa kukatia matawi kulingana na umri na mahali ulipopandwa. Aina nyingi za miti hazina utaraibu maalumu wa kuipunguza, lakini kila mti uliokufa sharti uondolewe ili kutoa nafasi ya miti iliyo na afya. Pia miti ya msindano na msanduku ina utaratibu maalumu wa kupunguza miti (Thinning schedule). Zoezi hili hutegemeana na matumizi yaliyokusudiwa k.m kuni, mbao na karatasi n.k

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